Who decides which flowers make it into your local nursery? Turns out, Colorado has a say

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Chad Miller crouches in a garden bed at CSU’s Trial Gardens, inspecting purple-leaf heuchera plants under a tree on a sunny day.
Hayley Sanchez/CPR News
Chad Miller, director of the Colorado State University Trial Gardens, weeds a bed of heuchera on May 29, 2025. The perennials are among hundreds being evaluated for vigor, bloom, and hardiness.

A Hunger Games-like arena, but for plants. 

That’s what you’ll find at Colorado State University’s Trial Gardens in Fort Collins. Each season, plant breeders from around the world submit their freshest varieties for testing, where plants endure the state’s unrelenting weather, from hail to temperature swings and more, all in the name of survival and beauty.

“We are at the mercy of the skies,” said Chad Miller, the director of the Trial Gardens. And he’s not being a drama queen. A single, mean hailstorm could do wonders here (not in a good way, though).

“It could just take a matter of 10 minutes and this could be destroyed.”

Clusters of orange and pink delosperma flowers with purple centers bloom in a dense groundcover at the CSU Trial Gardens.
Hayley Sanchez/CPR News
A carpet of orange and pink delosperma, or ice plants, glows in the CSU Trial Gardens on May 29, 2025. These low-growing perennials are tested over several seasons, including two Colorado winters.
Ashlyn Schall, wearing a wide-brimmed hat, gloves, and a gray CSU t-shirt, rakes soil into tidy rows in a planting bed at CSU’s Trial Gardens, with labeled plant markers and a gazebo visible in the background.
Hayley Sanchez/CPR News
Ashlyn Schall, a junior at Colorado State University studying environmental horticulture, rakes a planting bed at the Trial Gardens in Fort Collins on May 29, 2025. Schall began working as the annuals coordinator after learning about the position in one of Chad Miller’s classes.

That’s what part of the appeal is for scientists, breeders and even the average gardener.

CPR News visited the three-acre site in late May as volunteers and staff were hard at work prepping the bare grounds. 

Each spring, the garden receives about 1,300 plants, both annuals and perennials, which will be planted in the ground and containers. The perennials will stay for three full years, including two Colorado winters.

All of these plants are submitted by breeding companies hoping to break into the market with something new. Miller’s team collects detailed data on how the plants grow, bloom and survive over time. 

Some of those details come from casual visitors who can vote on their favorites.

Yep, there’s a ballot box, QR codes, even a “public evaluation day” in August where people walk around sticking flags in the ground next to their most-loved plants.

“We encourage our visitors to help us identify what’s their favorite plant,” Miller said. “We keep a tally over the summer... and we report that back to the growers and the breeders.”

Dozens of terracotta pots are arranged in neat rows on a gravel path at CSU’s Trial Gardens, with small white plant labels and the university’s administration building in the distance.
Hayley Sanchez/CPR News
Hundreds of container-grown plants await evaluation at Colorado State University's Trial Gardens on May 29, 2025. Growing companies submit new varieties each year to test their performance in Colorado’s harsh conditions.

It’s not a popularity contest alone.

The growers are watching closely, too, sometimes visiting the gardens unannounced to check in like secret auditors, Miller said.

“We take a lot of data and we share that data,” Miller explained. “They’ll look at our data and that helps them make informed decisions.”

Sometimes the results mean heartbreak for home gardeners. 

You might fall in love with a flower here, like Summer Haze White heuchera – a perennial known for its airy blooms and potential as a cut flower. But it may never be seen again due to its performance during the test.

“It’s just a little shorter, a little less vigorous” than the others in its series, Miller pointed out, comparing it to the Summer Haze Dark Pink and Light Pink varieties planted in neat rows right alongside it. “They may deem that as not good enough.”

Close-up of vivid magenta ice plant flowers blooming densely in a CSU Trial Garden bed, with some green grass and stems in the foreground.
Hayley Sanchez/CPR News
Vibrant delosperma, or ice plant, show off their magenta blooms in a CSU garden bed on May 29, 2025. These hardy perennials are part of the university’s multiyear perennial trials.

Other plants go on to garden fame. Miller said one of the best-known CSU grads is a tidy ornamental grass called Blonde Ambition (yes, that’s a Madonna reference).

Miller is relatively new to his role, but he’s got ideas for the future: more digital access, virtual walk-throughs and maybe even a way to explain some of the plant names that make him laugh.

“There definitely has to be a backstory to some of the names,” he said. “If I can put that on a QR code... what’s in a name, right?”

The gardens are free and open to the public. 

And even if you never make it to Fort Collins, chances are good that your flower beds – or your garden center wishlist – have been shaped by what happens here.

View CSU's Top Performing Plants Below:

Chad Miller stands beside the green sign for the Colorado State University Annual Flower Trial Garden at 1401 Remington Street, with a white gazebo in the background.
Hayley Sanchez/CPR News
Chad Miller stands at the entrance to Colorado State University's Annual Flower Trial Garden in Fort Collins on may 29, 2025. Each season, the site becomes a testing ground for plant breeders around the world.